You know, it is difficult writing blog posts. For this reason, I write one about every ten days or so because if I'm going to write one, it will be long and detailed, thus requiring a lot of time. I just wanted to point that out if anyone has wondered why my posts are not daily or more frequent.
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In any case, I'm watching the Olympics right now and I just heard the American national anthem twice, first for Rebecca Soni's unexpected gold medal in the women's 200 meter breaststroke and then for Ryan Lochte's gold in the men's 200 meter backstroke. Hearing the song gave me subject matter for a blog post, specifically: why the "Star-Spangled Banner"is such a great national anthem and why it is ridiculous that some people actually want it to be some other song.
Let me set the scene: it's September 3, 1814 and Francis Scott Key, a Baltimore barrister, and an American agent John Skinner sail out to the HMS
Tonnant at the edge of Baltimore Harbor to attempt to arrange a prisoner-exchange for Dr. William Beanes, a physician accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers who was captured by British forces. However, due to the fact that Key and Skinner overheard war plans in their meeting with British admirals over Beanes' situation, in which they managed to secure his release, they were forced to stay on the British ships during the naval assault of Baltimore harbor, particularly Fort McHenry. Just twenty days prior to the Battle of Baltimore the capital city of Washington had been torched by the British, destroying the partially-completed U.S. Capitol and much of the Presidential Mansion (not yet known as the White House). In general, the Chesapeake campaign had been a success thus far for the British, having managed to defeat American militiamen at the Battle of Bladensburg which allowed them to capture Washington and burn it. The British intended to strike Baltimore next, the more important port city in the Chesapeake region.
At North Point on September 12, the British landed a force of 5,000 men commanded by General Robert Ross, intending to march on the city. They were met by militia under the command of Major General Samuel Smith less than two miles from the city. In the ensuing skirmish, Ross was killed, causing the British to retreat. Their next move would be determined by the outcome of the naval bombardment. Key and his fellow Americans watched from the sea as British vessels initially engaged Fort McHenry from closer range, only to then retreat out of range of the forts cannon, basically turning the "battle" into a one-sided shootout as the British ships of the line tore into the Fort from long distance, firing more than 1,500 cannonballs at it over the course of twenty-five hours. From Francis Scott Key's perspective, it looked bleak for the Americans. Once the shelling ended that night, he and his comrades could only wait to see what remained once the dawn hit. Today, in the American History Museum at the Smithsonian Institute, you can see the fifteen-star, fifteen-stripe flag that Key saw as the dawn came on September 14, proving that the Americans still held the fort as well as the city because "the flag was still there."
That's pretty fantastic. Quite a story. Apparently, there are a lot of people in this country that do not know the background of our anthem. Compared to most national anthems, the "Star-Spangled Banner" has so much more history and specific meaning to it. The only one that easily comes to mind with comparable history is France's "La Marseillaise," as it was composed early in the French Revolution, originally called the "War Song for the Army of the Rhine" when it was penned in 1792, somewhat similar in its military nomenclature to the original name of Key's piece, "Defence of Fort McHenry." In a nutshell, I feel the historical basis of this song makes it just so much more meaningful and symbolic as a national anthem that the thought of replacing something with such significance offends and distresses me. Would you honestly rather have a song based on a important historical moment in American history or one penned in order to sell, like Irving Berlin's "God Bless America"? I would much rather have one with attached meaning than one that sounds catchier.
However, the only thing "wrong" muscially with the "Star-Spangled Banner" is that it is kind of hard to sing. It covers a half-octave in its voice range which is pretty difficult to sing for the average person. Personally, I love singing it because it involves such range. However, the tune
is catchy - it's based on an English drinking song - and short (at least the first verse is and that's all we ever sing), unless any popular singer is singing it to open any given championship game, which requires it to be doubled in length. So when people complain about the difficulty of its words and musical details, I try to explain just what they're singing about and tell them to sing it next time with that in mind. Trust me, it feels a lot better that way.
Generally, the most mentioned candidate to replace the national anthem is "God Bless America," Irving Berlin's amazingly catchy tune and lyrics that everyone loves. I mean, hell, I like it a lot. Aside from the obvious religious connotation, which I think might disqualify it as national anthem, it's a tremendous piece. I think one of the most emotional moments in the aftermath of 9/11 was the Irish Tenor's (Ronan Tynan) performance of the song prior to one of the World Series games. The guy is incredible and when he hits that final note on "home" an octave higher than the rest of the song, it gives me the goosebumps. So it is difficult to deny the legitimacy of the song's musicality. However, as I mentioned, it lacks the historical note of the "Star-Spangled Banner." Berlin wrote the piece originally for a revue he was creating while he served in the U.S. Army during the First World War. He decided to not use it for the revue, however, and it wasn't until his 1938 revision that sounds like the one we know and love did the song become well-known. Again, I'm not saying it's not a great song; I'm just saying it lacks the historical relevance and meaning of the "Star-Spangled Banner." There are other great songs, like "America the Beautiful," Woody Guthrie's "This is Land is Your Land," and others, but none have the relevance of our current national anthem.
Another complaint about the "Star-Spangled Banner" is that it is somewhat militaristic in nature, with lyrics like "bombs bursting in air," seemingly glorifying war...or something like that. I find this line of reasoning to be a bit overly pacifistic. This country was founded and achieved its independence through war. I'm not defending war as a modern tool of diplomacy, where it has been so horribly misused by, among others, the Bush administration; nevertheless, it is difficult to deny how much has been gained and achieved by this country through necessary wars. If you look at every war predating the Korean War, there is a sense of almost unquestionable legitimacy in the reasoning behind our coming to blows with other belligerents (except for those that spoke Spanish). The Revolution was to achieve independence from an unjust ruler; the War of 1812 was a response to the illegal impressment of American sailors by the British and the interference with our right to the free seas; the Civil War was fought to preserve the Union; the First World War was in response to the sinking of American ships and Woodrow Wilson's idealistic hope to make it the "war to end all wars"; and World War II was necessitated by the raid on Pearl Harbor and the actions of Adolf Hitler. Sure, the Mexican- and Spanish-American Wars were for Manifest Destiny and imperialistic designs in the Pacific (no matter how much praying McKinley did), respectively, but throughout our history, the United States has gained, preserved, and spread its freedoms through war. (For those trying to apply that last sentence to the Iraq War, there was no actual provocation there to necessitate war - Afghanistan, yes, Iraq, no.) I understand this line of reasoning but I'm very willing to refute it always, as I just have in this paragraph.
In fact, I find the anthem to not be so much militaristic as just very poetic, as Key sets the scene and uses it to engender emotion within the reader/singer. Interestingly, the final line of the anthem, "O'er the land of the free/and the home of the brave?" is in actuality a question, which would seem to run counter to any militaristic view you can take from the song because Key seems to question what he's just written. Of course, the way we sing it is not as a question, likely because of the nature of the tune and because the other three stanzas all end with an exclamation mark rather than a question mark, thus showing Key wanted to confirm what he's been saying previously. Yet I still think Key, as a lawyer and amateur poet, was more interested in filling himself and his fellow Americans with pride for the denial of Baltimore to the British, and not so much celebrating the bombs and rockets, but rather the fact that the Americans in Fort McHenry and Baltimore had held their ground against the British foe. Sure, the anthem is a sure-fire example of nationalism, but if it's the national anthem, can its overt patriotism really be a complaint? It's not like we're singing "Deutschland über alles" with a line saying that Germany stretches from the Meuse to the Neman (that is, from inside of France all the way to Lithuania).
I countered some of these attacks based on complaints mentioned on the National Anthem Project's Wikipedia page, as well as ones I've actually heard. And in closing, I want to say that I love our national anthem and I honestly get choked up by it a fair amount. I feel that so often during international events we hear other nations' national anthems and go unmoved, except for other impressive ones such as the previously mentioned "La Marseillaise" of France or Canada's "Oh, Canada." I think when foreigners hear our national anthem, it's obviously possible they may not understand the words but I am confident that they indeed feel the emotion of the song. The "Star-Spangled Banner" fits our nation perfectly, for its historical relevance and emotional impact. Now, if more than 40% of us actually knew all of the words...